The human story behind AI adoption: Understanding personas for your organization

It is often said that each new technological innovation arrives more quickly than the last. Nowhere has this felt truer than with the rapid adoption and commercialization of generative AI, starting with ChatGPT's launch and rise to prominence in 2022 to now, where 76% of businesses are implementing GenAI1 and 97% of business leaders are reporting investments into GenAI in the next year.2 This rise was unprecedented, with ChatGPT reaching 100 million users in just 2 months. For comparison, it took TikTok 9 months to reach this figure, and it took Instagram 2.5 years.3

Capable of instantly generating written, photo, visual and audio content using natural language prompts, this technology is transforming our world. With benefits ranging from efficiency gains in daily tasks across a broad range of roles, to improved customer and employee experience, to quicker access to insights and knowledge, GenAI is rapidly reshaping the modern workforce.

But the real test of generative AI’s long-term success lies just as much with people’s capacity and willingness to adopt it, as it does with the technology’s progressively sophisticated capabilities. Organizations no longer have time to wait on making a move on generative AI. To do so successfully, leaders must accept the imperative to build change management programs that empower teams to readily and excitedly adopt this transformative technology.

The adoption curve for generative AI is faster than what we’ve seen with preceding technologies

At KPMG Ignition, we often look to the technology adoption curve to understand and set expectations around speed to adoption. Conceived by Everett M. Rogers, the original technology adoption curve posits that different groups of people adopt new technologies at a predictable rate over time, categorizing them as innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards across a normal distribution.4

Three factors lead us to suspect that the adoption curve is accelerated for generative AI:

  • It is highly user-friendly and has seen rapid deployment across consumer and workplace technologies. 
    • 39.5% of US adults aged 18-64 had adopted generative AI within two years of its release, compared to 20% adoption for the internet within the same 2-year timeframe5
      • This difference can be attributed to the portability of the technology and the ease at which one can experiment with the tool for free
    • As of February 2025, 36% of occupations are using AI for at least 25% of their tasks6
  • The generative AI industry has surged with widespread applicability across industries and functions.
    • With the exception of personal services, at least 20% of workers from all major occupation groups use generative AI at work, including 22% of workers in “blue collar” jobs like construction, installation and repair, skilled production, and transportation and moving occupations7
    • This widespread applicability of generative AI is reflected in the rapid growth of VC spending on AI, with AI-focused companies receiving 50.8% of global VC funding in Q4’248
  • It’s not just a startup darling – it has been widely adopted and commercialized by major technology providers.
    • OpenAI reported that 92% of Fortune 500 companies were using its services in April of 20249, 10
    • This is much faster adoption than previous waves of AI technology. Less than 6% of firms had used pioneering AI technologies such as machine learning, computer vision, and natural language processing in 201711

Interestingly, adoption of generative AI is originating faster in the workplace than it is in consumer technology. A recent KPMG Ignition survey around consumer technology found that people who are employed are more likely to adopt and trust newer technologies, like generative AI, compared to their unemployed counterparts – and we see this trend across demographic factors.12

This is contrary to recent historical precedent. Since the rise of the internet in the 1990s, consumer markets have often driven expectations for technology use and user experience. Think about how video calling apps served as a precursor to workplace video conferencing tools; how consumer shopping experiences on e-commerce platforms have influenced workplace procurement systems; and how video and computer games and game-driven consumer apps have led to gamification in the design of workplace learning and development programs.

This flipped script in market patterns only magnifies the imperative for leaders to steward adoption in the workplace, as they cannot rely on consumer platforms to do the heavy lifting on training and application. It also points to an opportunity for businesses to innovate from within, developing new use cases and products that have application to improve efficiency and quality within their own organizations, as well as potential new revenue streams outside of them.

The secret ingredient in adoption

Successfully driving adoption alongside the deployment of generative AI tools will make change management policies a competitive differentiator as companies race to realize the benefits. To do so, leaders must recognize that the key ingredient often missing in change management approaches isn’t in the practical tactics, but in human understanding.

Understanding the human behind the technology, and their accompanying motivations, fears, frustrations, and perceived benefits, will help you unlock the human side of innovation and empower employees to achieve the full benefit of this emerging technology.

Elisa Holland

US Ignition Development Leader, KPMG LLP

Technology adoption in the workplace is a personal and emotional process. There are five main barriers to adoption:

1

Lack of awareness: Individuals are unaware of the tools available to them, do not understand the value the tools can provide, are confused about where to learn more, and are not informed about ongoing firm mandates or initiatives.

2

Fear and anxiety: There are significant fears related to trusting the output and security of AI tools, as well as concerns about job loss, skill replacement, or role changes.

3

Technical challenges: Individuals face technical barriers such as the perception that company tools are inadequate, poor integration with existing systems or records, lack of application in specific high-value use cases, and adapting to constantly evolving tool capabilities and user interfaces.

4

Uncertainty: Inconsistent or absent messaging from leaders, undefined goals around adoption (explaining “the why” behind AI adoption mandates), and the evolving risk and security landscape engender a feeling of operating in an uncertain and evolving context.

In our work, we have found that people experience these barriers through an emotional journey as they adopt generative AI, across the phases of Awareness, Experimentation and Understanding, Adoption, and Sustainment. During each phase, they have touchpoints with the technology that elicit a positive or negative emotion, which takes on a compounding effect. As people have positive experiences with generative AI, they share that positivity with others and influence further adoption. On the other hand, if negative experiences are not addressed, it can become infectious and serve as a barrier for others to even begin experimenting.

This is unlike any technology or digital transformation we have tackled before. We must take a human-centric approach to how AI is impacting talent, processes, systems, and ways of working to bring this transformation to life. We have a huge opportunity -- and responsibility -- to shape a healthier future of work for our people.

Edwige Sacco

US Workforce Innovation Leader, KPMG LLP

Organizations that find ways to capitalize on positive emotions and experiences, while implementing time-relevant and personalized interventions in the face of negative ones, will see exponential benefits in the penetration of generative AI across their functions, amongst teams, and within individual roles.

What motivates one person to adopt, while another lags behind?

Through comprehensive interviews, surveys, and exploratory factor and cluster analysis, KPMG Ignition has identified four attributes that help us predict a person’s likelihood to adopt generative AI and where they might fall on the adoption curve.13 The extent which an employee exhibits these qualities will impact their comfort with technology and experimentation, speed to adopt, enthusiasm, and the role they may play as an influencer in change management initiatives. The four attributes are:

  • Agile Innovation: This attribute measures how willing and able a person is to adapt to new and innovative concepts, combining behaviors of adaptability with an innovative spirit.
  • Curious Receptiveness: This attribute captures how open and receptive participants are to technology based on their interactions with others, incorporating impressionability, curiosity, and a collaborative nature.
  • Tech Stamina: This attribute evaluates the eagerness, savvy, and patience of participants in learning new technology tools and methods, combining these elements to gauge their proactive engagement with technology.
  • Learning Independence: This attribute focuses on how independently participants approach and undertake their learning processes, highlighting their self-directed efforts in mastering new skills.
  • The study confirmed that these four factors are replicable and appropriate measures for adoption and were used to develop an understanding of the five personas that can be found in today’s workplace.

The five personas you’ll see in your workforce14

Companies might see these personas manifest in different ways, depending on factors like industry, function, role and skill distribution, and demographic factors, though the underlying motivations, challenges, and attributes will remain similar. Rather than trying to categorize every individual within a team or organization under these personas, having a more general sense of where your teams may fall by persona can help guide change management and ensure that no one is left out of your approach as you move further along the adoption curve.

The takeaway

The implementation of generative AI and the normalization of its daily use will fundamentally shift the relationship between people and work. AI has the potential to improve the employee experience and empower the workforce, opening the door to new career paths and enabling more strategic work. With unleashed creativity and improved productivity, your people will get to completely reimagine how they spend their days.

This gain is only realized if the implementation is done responsibly. Human-centered change management policies that effectively communicate the benefits of generative AI with acknowledgement of the caution many employees may have towards the technology is essential.

It also requires ensuring that AI solutions are deployed in a responsible, ethical, and compliant manner, meaning that the design, build, deployment and use of AI solutions is value-driven, human-centric, and trustworthy. As technology becomes omnipresent in the workplace, placing humans at the center of innovation becomes only more valuable.

Ultimately, leaders who can understand employee motivations, pain points, ways of working, and the emotional journey experienced will craft targeted programs and interventions to the right groups of people at the appropriate times – enabling them to not only weather disruptive changes brought by technology, but to unlock innovation in their people and embrace its transformative power.

AI adoption must place people at the center to enable long-term transformation.

Rebecca Haverson

Director, US Ignition Lab Delivery, KPMG LLP

Ready for more?

Are you ready to embark on or continue upon a transformative journey with generative AI? At KPMG Ignition, we empower organizations to explore the immense potential of generative AI through our signature experiences. Our tailored sessions are designed to address unique challenges, master efficient AI implementation, and drive collaborative growth and innovation. By engaging with KPMG Ignition, you can navigate the complexities of AI with confidence and position your organization at the forefront of your industry. Discover how generative AI can revolutionize your business and unlock new opportunities for success, all while keeping humans at the center. Let's start the conversation and shape the future together. Reach out to KPMG Ignition to experience our generative AI signature experiences and discuss your adoption journey with us.

About the research

KPMG Ignition employed a data-driven approach enhanced by ethnographic insights and secondary research to develop detailed personas related to generative AI adoption. Initial expert interviews informed hypotheses about traits influencing generative AI interest, use, and adoption. These hypotheses guided the design of a comprehensive survey conducted in April 2024 (n = 1,332) and repeated in May 2025 (n = 766), targeting a randomized nationally distributed sample of full-time employed adults in the United States.

The survey included both quantitative measures and open-ended questions on participants' experiences with GenAI and other technology. Advanced statistical analyses streamlined these traits into a four-factor model of attributes and identified five distinct clusters. The results of this study offer refined personas and actionable insights tailored for senior executives.

Footnotes

 

  1. KPMG initiated quantitative research of 1,005 global decision makers conducted by HFS, (August, 2024)
  2. KPMG - KPMG GenAI Study: the path to sustainable returns (March, 2024)
  3. Reuters- Chat GPT sets record for fastest growing userbase (February, 2023)
  4. Rogers' Innovation Diffusion Theory (1962, 1995)
  5. Bick, Blandin and Demin- The Rapid Adoption of Generative AI (September, 2024)
  6. Forbes - Anthropic Economic Index - 10 AI Workplace Trends Business Leaders Must Know (February, 2025)
  7. Bick, Blandin and Demin- The Rapid Adoption of Generative AI (September, 2024)
  8. FDI Intelligence - AI dominates venture capital funding in 2024 (January, 2025)
  9. Wall Street Journal – Open AI’s Not-So-Secret Weapon in Winning Business Customers? ChatGPT (April, 2024)
  10. Reuters- Chat GPT sets record for fastest growing userbase (February, 2023)
  11. National Bureau of Economic Research. "On the Near Term Effects of Long Term Care." (October, 2023)
  12. KPMG Ignition, “Technology Adoption Tracker Survey” (December, 2024)
  13. KPMG Ignition, “Personas for Generative AI Adoption Research Study” (March, 2024)
  14. KPMG Ignition, “Personas for Generative AI Adoption Research Study” (March, 2024)

 

Meet our team

Contributions by Jack Surprenant & James Novack

Image of Rebecca Haverson
Rebecca Haverson
Director, US Ignition Lab Delivery, KPMG LLP
Image of Edwige Sacco
Edwige Sacco
US Workforce Innovation Leader, KPMG LLP

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