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Tax in transition: ASU 2023-09 and global shifts

December 2025

Mastering new rules demands robust controls, cross-functional collaboration and auditor engagement.

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This year’s Conference1 featured a session addressing the evolving tax landscape – focused on on how recent tax changes are moving beyond the tax function to influence broader business strategy, capital allocation and risk management.

Host Matt Drucker (KPMG Partner) was joined by panelists Marianne Deda (Liberty Global Inc. – Director, Global Tax & Financial Reporting), Agnieszka Samoc (Danaher – Vice President and Tax Counsel) and Rochelle Hodes (Crowe – Principal). The discussion centered on these critical areas: 

  • the implementation of ASU 2023-09 (improvements to income tax disclosures);
  • tax as a driver of business strategy; and
  • the significant changes introduced by global tax initiatives, such as Pillar Two and Country-by-Country Reporting.

Tackling the complexities of ASU 2023-09 and global tax shifts requires a truly integrated approach. It's essential to build robust internal controls, ensure open cross-functional coordination and strategically leverage technology. This isn't just about compliance – it's about turning these challenges into opportunities for balanced transparency and operational efficiency.

Matt Drucker

KPMG Partner, Department of Professional Practice

ASU 2023-09: Implementation challenges

Panelists highlighted that the new income tax disclosure rules under ASU 2023-09 present substantial operational challenges. Compliance necessitates meticulous data management and robust control frameworks. Panelists also emphasized that early interaction with auditors is critical to a seamless implementation.

The new disclosure rules

ASU 2023-09 requires companies to disaggregate certain income tax information, including the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid, into more detailed categories.

This increased granularity helps financial statement users better understand a company's tax position and cash flows, but it requires significant judgment in categorizing and presenting this disaggregated data.

Learn more about the new disclosures in our Hot Topic, Income tax disclosures.

    Key challenges

    • Data and sorting: The standard demands considerable judgment in categorizing and disaggregating tax data, which need to be consistent across global operations.
    • Internal controls: Companies must develop and implement new internal controls to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the required disclosures.
    • Adoption approach: A crucial decision involves selecting between prospective or retrospective adoption of the standard. Panelists noted that each approach carries distinct advantages and disadvantages requiring careful evaluation. 

    Tax as a driver of business strategy

    A key theme was the integration of tax with business strategy. With regimes like the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax (CAMT) using financial income as a tax base, tax is now a critical, early-stage input for capital allocation decisions. Panelists stressed that companies must holistically model how implications in one area might trigger unintended consequences elsewhere, making tax a proactive, strategic function.

    Global tax changes: From confidential to public disclosure

    The session addressed the transition from confidential tax reporting to public disclosure, primarily driven by Pillar Two and Country-by-Country Reporting (CbCR). This shift introduces new risks for organizations, compounded by significant legislative and judicial uncertainty.

    The panel also discussed broad legislative and regulatory changes, including recent tax law changes. These changes are causing many companies to reevaluate their global treasury practices, international ownership structure (e.g. location of intellectual property) and tax planning.

    The new era of legal & geopolitical risk

    Panelists identified two major sources of uncertainty. First, the Supreme Court’s overruling of Chevron deference in Loper Bright clouds the authority of future tax regulations, creating risk but also potential for challenge by taxpayers. Second, the uncertain US response to the global Pillar Two regime creates geopolitical tension, as US companies may face foreign taxes while negotiations for relief remain ongoing.

    These shifts demand a proactive approach to risk assessment, strategic tax planning and expert guidance to navigate an increasingly complex and unpredictable regulatory landscape.

    For Pillar Two implementation steps, and how accounting and finance may be impacted, download our executive summary, Pillar Two Gameplan. And for the latest on tax law implementation, read our Hot Topic, Checking in on Pillar Two and Accounting for One Big Beautiful Bill.

    What are Pillar Two and CbCR?

    Pillar Two is a new global tax regime designed to ensure that multinationals pay taxes of no less than a 15% rate in every jurisdiction in which they do business. If that minimum tax rate has not been met in a particular jurisdiction, companies will pay a ‘Top-Up Tax’. The Pillar Two rules require complicated and data-intensive calculations of a new effective tax rate measure (the ‘Globe ETR’) for every single jurisdiction in which the company has operations.

    CbCR is a global transparency initiative led by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) that requires large multinational enterprises (MNEs) to report their income, taxes paid and other indicators of economic activity on a country-by-country basis. This information is shared with tax authorities to help them assess transfer pricing risks and other tax avoidance-related risks.

      Navigating the new transparency

      Be prepared for the increased transparency that is part of these changes.
       
      • Interpretation risk: A significant concern is the potential for misinterpretation of complex tax data by stakeholders, including investors and the media, which could result in reputational damage.
      • Consistency with financial reporting: New CbCR will be compared to the consolidated financial statements and/or related disclosures, which could raise additional questions from regulators and investors.
      • Cross-functional coordination: To maintain consistent messaging, tax teams must coordinate closely with financial reporting, legal and investor relations departments.
      • Increased scrutiny: Public disclosures are expected to generate more inquiries from both tax authorities and the public, impacting various areas from audits to competitive intelligence to mergers and acquisitions diligence.

      The shift to public tax disclosure represents a pivotal moment for multinational organizations. It’s no longer sufficient to just report the numbers; companies must now be prepared to publicly articulate their global tax story with clarity and confidence. This requires a proactive, cross-functional approach to manage reputational risk and address increased scrutiny from stakeholders and the public.

      Nick Tricarichi

      KPMG Partner, Department of Professional Practice

      Footnote:

      1. 2025 AICPA Conference on Current SEC and PCAOB Developments

      Accounting Research Online

      Access our accounting research website for additional resources for your financial reporting needs.

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