Fed enters policy purgatory

January 29, 2025

The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) – the policy setting arm of the Federal Reserve – voted unanimously to keep the target rate at 4.25% - 4.5%, the same as in December. The statement following the meeting was more hawkish than the previous statement, categorizing the labor market as solid and removing the line on inflation progress. Chairman Jay Powell tempered that sentiment in his statement and comments at the press conference that followed. 

The Federal Reserve is really in a sort of policy purgatory, given the phrases that Powell used during the press conference. His answers were peppered with the phrases “wait-and-see,” “waiting to see,” “on hold,” “not in a hurry,” and “will patiently watch,” throughout the press conference. In short, the Fed doesn’t know what is next, given the uncertainty surrounding the new administration’s agenda. 

Powell said that the slate of policies – tariffs, immigration, fiscal and regulatory - is still in flux. He played down the uncertainty, saying this always happens with a new administration. Powell was clearly attempting to avoid making news with the press conference. 

Four new Fed presidents rotated onto voting positions in the FOMC: Three are known hawks; one is a dove. That likely accounted for the gap between the tenor of the statement, which was more hawkish, and that of the press conference, which was more balanced. Powell tends to be more dovish than his colleagues but that could easily shift. 

Powell was asked about the president. He was clearly prepared to block all questions about the president and his desire for rate cuts. The only thing he confirmed was that he had not spoken with the president yet.