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Handbook: Fair value measurement

Handbook | November 2026

Latest edition: Applying fair value measurement and disclosure guidance under US GAAP and IFRS® Accounting Standards.

We address frequently asked questions about applying fair value measurement and disclosure guidance, highlighting the differences between US GAAP and IFRS Accounting Standards.

Applicability

  • ASC 820 and IFRS 13
  • All companies whose financial statements include fair value estimates, either in measuring the carrying amount of assets and/or liabilities or in note disclosures.

Relevant dates

  • Effective immediately

Fair value measurement in a changing landscape 

Economic, technological and regulatory developments continue to reshape the business landscape. Companies are navigating the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence, ongoing geopolitical and trade-related uncertainties, evolving tax and regulatory frameworks, and continued shifts in capital markets. For example, recent developments in the market of private credit have heightened regulatory focus on valuation practices and approaches used for private credit assets. These developments may affect the judgments, inputs and assumptions underpinning fair value measurements and increase the complexity of valuation analyses.

In this environment, transparent financial reporting remains critical. Investors, regulators and other stakeholders continue to focus on the quality of information provided about significant judgments, valuation techniques and measurement uncertainty. A company’s reporting needs to explain its specific circumstances in the context of its corporate story. Providing clear and decision-useful disclosures helps users understand how current market conditions are reflected in a company’s fair value measurements.

Report Contents

  • Scope and overview
  • The item being measured and the unit of account
  • Market participants
  • Principal and most advantageous markets
  • Valuation approaches and techniques
  • Inputs to valuation techniques
  • Fair value hierarchy
  • Fair value on initial recognition 
  • Highest and best use
  • Liabilities and own equity instruments
  • Portfolio measurement exception
  • Inactive markets
  • Disclosures
  • Application issues

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Fair value measurement

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Mahesh Narayanasami
Partner, Dept. of Professional Practice, KPMG US
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Caitlin Dalvano
Managing Director, Dept. of Professional Practice, KPMG US

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