On October 9th, KPMG became the first Big Four firm to publicly advocate for alternative pathways to CPA licensure that emphasize experience after one earns their bachelor’s degree.
Today, people pursuing a CPA are required to complete 30 additional hours of academic credits after earning their bachelor’s degree, work under the supervision of a CPA for one-year and then pass the CPA exams to be licensed.
Alternative paths would replace the additional 30-hour academic requirement with experience or create work-study programs overseen by businesses that deliver the equivalent or better value. These options would reduce the financial costs of achieving a CPA, while elevating the role of hands-on experience in securing one’s license. As states move forward, we also believe automobility is essential and reforms should aim for the simple over the complex.
We believe this reform will attract more people to the profession, enhance the quality of CPA candidates and build trust in our capital markets.
Explore our answers to five questions to understand our position, the context and actions we are taking to drive positive change.
1) Why did we call for change?
This issue affects our economy and our capital markets. Corporations, governments and accounting firms of all sizes need accountants to build trust in the financial data that drives corporate strategy, financial investments and more.
- In the words of our Chair and CEO Paul Knopp: “I can’t over-emphasize, it’s not just the Big Four. We need more accountants in corporations and outside of the Big Four. The industry that we are in is systemically important to the functioning of the capital markets.” (Financial Times)
2) What’s the context?
We see three dynamics happening today:
- Bachelor’s degree completions in accounting dropped 7.8% from 2021 to 2022 after a steady decline of 1-3% per year since 2015–16.
- The time and cost of the 150-hour requirement for CPA licensure is among the top reasons that students do not select accounting as a major. Moreover, Center for Audit Quality and MIT researchers found the 150-hour requirement poses a more pronounced challenge for Black and Hispanic students.
- To combat the decline, states across the country are having conversations on alternative pathways to CPA licensure. In 2025, at least 13 states, to include the population dense states of California and Florida, are having conversations on legislative changes supporting alternative pathways to CPA licensure.
Our take: The cost of becoming a CPA is too high, including both the cost expense of the extra education and the opportunity cost of spending an extra year in school. Conversations across the country are a step in the right direction in that they recognize a change is needed, but the details matter, and we need to accelerate action.
3) How do advancements in data and technology capabilities underscore the need for change?
Data and technology are fundamentally changing our profession. By having people start working with us earlier, we can accelerate talent development – providing more real-world, hands-on experience with the innovative data and technology capabilities that are increasingly driving the work we do every day. More experience with coaching by practitioners enables a far more prepared candidate for the CPA. (LinkedIn)
4) Are there unintended consequences to reform?
As states continue to discuss reforms, we must also avoid a patchwork of licensing requirements that restrict people from working as a CPA across state lines. A CPA should be like a driver’s license. If you're licensed in one state and move to another, you should continue to be able to practice and work without any roadblocks.
We believe preserving mobility is essential and states should quickly adopt automobility provisions so that CPAs can live their life wherever it takes them. Over 19 states are preparing automobility language with safeguards for their 2025 legislative sessions.
5) Will this reform solve the problem of the CPA/accountant shortage?
This reform is not a quick fix. Our profession must continue to drive progress.